Loft
Loft is the tilt angle of the clubface — it determines how high and how far the ball flies.
Loft is the angle at which the clubface is tilted back. It is measured in degrees. Little loft means a flat, long flight, a lot of loft a high, short flight. The driver sits at around 9 to 12 degrees, a sand wedge at over 50. Loft is the real reason why club numbering works: each step produces a different ball flight and distance. Modern clubs often have stronger lofts than earlier models, so the numbers can only be compared to a limited extent.
On the course, this understanding helps you choose the right club. An example: your ball lies behind a tree, the canopy hanging low. You need a club with enough loft to get the ball climbing quickly. An iron 5 cannot do that, a wedge can. Conversely, little loft helps with the punch under wind, because the ball stays flat and controlled. If you know your lofts, you can plan ball flights instead of guessing.
A common misconception: many believe they have to help the ball up. The loft does that all by itself if you swing through cleanly. "Helping it up" produces tops and fat shots. Trust the angle of the clubface and keep your swing smooth. The loft gaps between your clubs should be even, otherwise distance gaps appear in your bag.
FAQ
How do I find out the loft of my clubs?
On many clubs the loft is engraved on the sole or on the clubhead; otherwise you will find it in the manufacturer's specifications. Do not rely on the club number alone, because modern models often have stronger lofts than older ones. Compare the degree figures across your whole set and you will immediately see any distance gaps.
Why should I not try to help the ball up?
Because the loft of the clubface already does the lifting for you. Anyone who tries to scoop the ball into the air during the swing produces exactly the mishits they want to avoid — such as a topped shot or a fat shot behind the ball. Swing through smoothly and trust the angle of the clubface.
How much loft do I need to play over an obstacle?
For a quick climb you need a club with plenty of loft, that is a wedge rather than a long iron. A 5 iron with its flat loft will not get the ball up fast enough when a tree canopy hangs low. Rule of thumb: the higher and closer the obstacle, the more loft you want in your hands.